The Musical Taste Is Subjective - 978 Words

Musical taste is subjective. Everyone has a different musical preference that depends on their age, where they live, where they are from, what mood they are in, and so on. For example, according to an interview with Freddy Matt who is a college student in New Jersey, â€Å"I listen to music, which is pop music, when I get bored, or when I want to be relaxed. Otherwise, usually I do not listen to music† (Matt). According to another interview with bar patron Tom Hunk, who is 35 years old, â€Å"I listen to music for fun. Friday and Saturday night, I do go to a bar in order to let myself go† (Hunk). These examples show that people listen to music with different purposes. On the other hand, people listen music when they do sports such as running, weight lifting, walking, playing tennis, etc. Even though they live in the same community, their perspective on music is different. I have been living in Bergen County for two years, and I really want to explore our county’s musical culture. In order to look for the musical life and culture in Bergen County, I searched for some musical stores and locations that are being used for live music. When I was searching for venues, I found that many hired house bands, which gives us the opportunity of experiencing live performance. For example, Dodo Orchestra is one of them. According to gigmasters.com: â€Å"Dodo Orchestra is a unique retro-world jazz ensemble that has enchanted audiences with their vivacious energy and a refined repertoire.† In addition,Show MoreRelatedMusic Taste And Its Effect On Your Own Image934 Words   |  4 Pagescircles one can employ musical taste to fit in with different groups. By simply claiming you hate one band, and love another you can completely shift the way people characterize you. As Bourdieu and Wilson lay out in this chapter, taste is a way to â€Å"fight for power and status† with your peers. It allows one to â€Å"condemn those beneath you†. Musical taste is a tool to categorize people and also shift the way you are personally characterized. If you are in tune with current musical trends and opinions ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Devil 1080 Words   |  5 Pagesby Johnny! While considered an unpardonable sin in Southern circles, this unabashedly conceited and conceded musical bias on my part is my first consciously remembered lesson in subjectivity. Although unquestionably ruining the general narrative of the song by the Charlie Daniels Band, give the golden fiddle playing Devil his due, everything ultimately boils down to a case of subjective opinion. So choose your side: Tea or Coffee; Diamond or Cubic Zirconia; Serving in Heaven vs. Ruling in Hell;Read MoreThe Devil : Subjective Objectivity995 Words   |  4 PagesTHE DEVIL IS IN THE DETAILS: SUBJECTIVE OBJECTIVITY When The Devil Went Down to Georgia - looking to steal a soul, I found that I preferred the fancy fiddle playing of Satan over that of the more mundane instrumental performed by Johnny! While considered an unpardonable sin in Southern circles, this particular unabashedly conceited and conceded bias on my part is my first consciously remembered lesson in subjectivity. And obviously, while it ruins the general narrative of the song by the CharlieRead MoreDifference Between Oratorio, Cantata and Opera1640 Words   |  7 Pagesgenres that re-emerged in the first half of the eighteenth century. They were already important musical alternatives to opera by the mid-seventeenth century, but differed in nearly every respect from the genres of the same names found in the early eighteenth century. As genres late in the period, they both bespoke the traditions from which they originally sprang and permitted new recombination of the musical elements of these same traditions. The oratorio and cantata of the eighteenth century were bothRead MoreCan Money Buy Happiness?948 Words   |  4 Pagesthe essentials to life a little bit more will not drastically change their lives but without those basic needs finding contentment can be very difficult. What also plays a key factor in how we view things is subjective well-being and the affects it can have on a person’s life. Subjective well-being is how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. Denier measures this type of well-being in his essay â€Å"Beyond money† he measures throughRead MoreJohann Sebastian Bach Vs. Felix Mendelssohn1557 Words   |  7 Pagesacademy and continued composing and started conducting as well. In 1835 he was given the position of conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig. Bach and Mendelssohn had a similar upbringings, both were born into well-off families, both showed musical prowess at a young age, and both went on to be successful and influential musicians, however there is a major difference which separates their childhood and eventual career. Bach was born into a family of established musicians while mendelssohn wasRead MoreA Human s Five Senses1073 Words    |  5 Pagesspatial sequence because unlike those two types, colored hearing is stimulated by the ear and not sight. Most often it occurs when musical notes or keys are played, and the same key can possibly have two different shapes or colors due to either how low or high it is, or the instrument it is played on. Though music does come into play, the sound does not have to be of a musical origin. Richard Cytowic states that: â€Å"Triggers include everyday environmental sounds such as dog-barks, clattering dishes, voicesRead MoreEffects of Rap Music on Crime14002 Words   |  57 Pageslisteners, whose combination of musical likes and dislikes distinguish them as rap univores. We then examine the relationship between their cultural preference for rap music and involvement in a culture of crime and their perceptions of social injustice and inequity. We find that the rap univores, also known as urban music enthusiasts, report significantly more delinquent behavior and stronger feelin gs of inequity and injustice than listeners with other musical tastes. However, we also find that theRead MoreEssay about Pleasure: The Realisation of Place through the Senses 1038 Words   |  5 Pagespleasure of space leans toward the poetics of the unconscious, to the edge of madness†. Tschumi (2009), INTRODUCTION different individuals experience different forms of pleasure given the same situation, this makes the experience of pleasure subjective. The way people perceive spaces is very personal, a space that is pleasing and attractive to one might be depressing and uninviting to the other, this is because people are diverse and seek different forms of pleasure. Pleasurable experiences areRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Our Lives1234 Words   |  5 Pagesway that music functions in everyday life. During my research about music interaction and emotional regulation, I came across many comments saying that music can be an ordering device as a â€Å"means for creating, enhancing, sustaining and changing subjective, cognitive, bodily and self-conceptual states† (DeNora, 48). These comments emphasizes and further prove music’s role in my life in that it affirms my emotions, creates a sense of focus and order, and is able to alter my emotional attitudes. Music

Video Game Violence And It s Affects On Youth - 1683 Words

Video Game Violence and It’s Affects on Youth Video games are becoming ever more popular every day among adolescents, youth and adults. Video game play can be fun, recreational and now with video game consoles such as the Wii, it can even be healthy. However, some video games are brutally and exceedingly violent, which should be fine because after all it’s just a video game. However, we need to understand and know if the effects of these violent video games are positive or negative amongst the youth. There are arguments that say violence in video games are corrupt on the minds of the youth. Then, there are opposing arguments that say video games are an educational learning tool for them. This literature review will review both sides of this argument in an attempt to determine what effect violent video games may have on our youth. Everyone deals with stress and frustrations differently. However when action is taken out of frustration and stress, the results are generally not positive. The crime and abuse rate in the United States has soared in the past decade. More and more children suffer from and are being treated for anger management than ever before. Now, one can t help but to wonder if these violent video games are even playing a slight part in the current statistics. I believe they do. Some argue that video game violence is negatively detrimental upon youth and destructively influential. According to Anderson et al (2003), they researched multiple studies in whichShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Young1575 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1950’s parents were thrown into a panic because of the possible negative affects rock and roll music could have on their children. Much like the bad reputation rock and roll music received in the 1950’s, violent video games have been q uestioned and looked down upon as a newer form of influential media. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, increasing rape, and increasing the amount of women being abused. Despite the popular belief that video games can be veryRead MoreVideo Games And Youth Violence1181 Words   |  5 Pagespast few centuries,video games have become a great leisure and hobby among kids of all ages and cultures. With the advancement of technology, video games have advanced highly in its realism and genres. This high type of advancement brought the video game industry to a multi-billion dollar industry. However, with realism, comes negative effects as well. Ever since the creation of violent or â€Å"mature† video games, there has been a constant debate on whether it will increase violence in the player. AlthoughRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Make People More Violent?1277 Words   |  6 PagesViolent Video Games Make People More Violent in Real Life? The American Psychological Association reports that more than 90% of children in the United States play video games.Among kids between the ages of 12 and 17, the number rises to 97%. The psychological group also reported that 85% or more of video games on the market contain some form of violence (Do Video Games Lead to Violence). A video game may be considered violent if it contains â€Å"violent† language, gore/blood, and crime. Video games areRead MoreDoes Violent Video Games Cause Violent Behavior?1274 Words   |  6 Pages Does Violent Video Games Cause Agressive Behavior in Teens? Ryan Bia Arizona State University Abstract Violence is ubiquitous in today’s modern society and we are constantly exposed to it through the media, movies and through video games. It is not uncommon to go visit a home in the United States and find a video game console in the home along with mature video games. Video games started off just as entertainment that had meager violence but as time progressed the graphics have improved andRead MoreIt s More Than A Game1258 Words   |  6 PagesMore Than a Game A young man who had grown up in the horrors of Burundi’s civil war, had been warned of the dangers that exist in America. As he sat in his dorm room, all he could hear were constant gunshots, he looked outside but there was nothing to be found. He did whatever he could to block out the sounds of gunshots because it â€Å"brought back images from his home village in Burundi† (Irankunda). At dinnertime, his next-door neighbor explained that the gunshots were from a video game that he wasRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 Pageseven specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists, Sociologists, Anthropologist, SchoolsRead MoreViolent Video Games Should Not Be Banned1170 Words   |  5 PagesIV Mr. Kula November 21, 2014 Violent Video Games Should Not be Banned Violent acts committed by children seem to occur on a monthly basis. What is to blame for this trend? Many people try to find, what they would believe to be, a likely source for the violence once. Some people turn to violent video games as the reason why violent acts occur amongst children. Some would even argue, that violent video games in general should be banned. Violent video games should not be banned because they doRead MoreViolent Media And The Aggressive Generation1116 Words   |  5 PagesSurgeon Generals Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, was created in 1969 to answer these questions. Through the introduction of violent video games, and exposure to violent movies, today’s youth views violence as something not to be condemned but praised. The continued bombardment of violent media onto our youth has caused them to grow into more aggressive and violent adults. The research is beyond clear, the media is affecting our youth’s behavior and not in a good wayRead MoreYouth binge drinking1621 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿To what extent is youth violence, crimes and anti-social behaviour linked to youths binge drinking. Binge drinking can be defined as an excessive consumption of alcohol within a short period of time to get drunk. This essay will focus on how youth violence, crime and anti-social behaviour is linked to youths binge drinking. It is widely known that the youths in United Kingdom start drinking at an early stage of their lives. Talbot and Crabbe (n.d.) state that â€Å"government statistics suggest that†¦

Deconstruction of Satire Cartoons Free Essays

Chad Salow 1st hour English 11 February 13th, 2013 Deconstruction of a Cartoon. The form of satire that is portrayed in the cartoon I have chosen is mockery. This form of satire is aimed to make fun of something. We will write a custom essay sample on Deconstruction of Satire Cartoons or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of the cartoon is to make fun of the average business person in wealth and poverty. It is showing a large bird in its nest, cuckooing to another smaller bird above him for the money it is holding in his beak. The larger bird is in a struggle for the money reaching out as far as it can go before he would fall to the ground. While the smaller bird holding the money is looking angered, because his money is trying to be taken from him. Every cartoon has its purpose In why it was drawn. But the cartoonist’s purpose in this cartoon was to describe the average middle class business person trying to make his way into life by reaching out for everything that he could take. The larger bird in the nest would be the form of poverty and the smaller bird with the money would represent wealth. The cartoonist is trying to show how anyone would reach out for money in times like this because they are struggling for it. Mainly middle and lower class people. The problems that the cartoonist is addressing are how there are to many people and family’s that are suffering under poverty and the wealthy are holding to much money, make to much money in which they don’t need or don’t reach out to the people who need it. A good example is a large company that makes loads of money from their products but wont have their products made from the country that they are in. But instead they pay others half the price to make it so they can rack up money but pay others poorly. It would seem to me that the cartoonist would like if these wealthy people would share their money or reach out further to give to others but instead, they want to be greedy. Mockery is the form of satire in which the cartoonist used in this cartoon. The cartoonist is making fun of the fact that this business person or â€Å"bird† is cuckooing for the money. That’s only because the bird wants it so badly. The cartoon could also represent some type of irony because nothing is just givin to you. It must be earned and maybe that’s why the wealthy bird wont hand it over. The humor is this cartoon is most definitely visual. The whole meaning of the cartoon is visual besides for the cuckoo! It gives strong humor in the picture of both birds. That is why I had chosen this cartoon for satire deconstruction. How to cite Deconstruction of Satire Cartoons, Papers

Contracts Law Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contracts Law Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball. Answer: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Business may be intending to use advertisements as invitations to treat. That is, inviting customers to come and open negotiations before concluding a contract. However, there is a need to take the form, factual context and the wording of these advertisements seriously. This paper will use the case of Carlill in analyzing how and when an advertisement will amount to an offer. I will also look at the significance of this case to Australian law. Summary of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co This authority arose from Carbolic Smoke Ball Companys invention of a device that they claimed it could prevent influenza. They made an advertisement of their device in the newspaper affirming that they would pay 100 to anyone who contracted influenza having their devices. Users had to use the device thrice a day for 14 days. In the advertisement, the company stated that it had already deposited 1000 as a confirmation for their sincerity. Louisa Carlill contracted even after using the device as per the instructions. She brought a claim for a breach of the contract. To her favor, the court found the advertisement as a unilateral offer made to the entire world at large. The fact that the defendant had even deposited 1,00 affirmed that he was ready for any claim for breach of the contract. The court allowed the claim, and Carbolic company was liable for breach. Subsequent Impact of Carlill On Contracts Law In Australia And The Nature Of A Legally Binding Agreement The significance of this case inAustralian contract law and the nature of a binding agreement is seen in three distinct issues. The first one is the principles of unilateral contract. The second issue is the distinction between a promise and puff. Unilateral contracts happen where one party provides a promise while the other party proceeds to the performance (Barron, 2013). The bargain of this contract is completed by the performance of the promisee as requested by the promisor (Roberts, 2017). One example is where a person loses his wallet. Then the person states that he will pay $100 to whoever finds the wallet. There would be no need for the finder to communicate his entrance to the search. A finder just need to search for the wallet and bring it to the owner. Upon delivery, the finder becomes entitled to $100. One main relevance laid out by this authority regards acceptance of an offer. The original rule requires notification of acceptance to the promisor. This communication crea tes what thelaw calls the meeting of minds (Graw, Parker, Whitford, Sangkuhl Do, 2012). Thelaw makes acceptance a requirement to create a binding acceptance. This case brought a different development regarding the binding of agreements where notice of acceptance would not be necessary. Bowen LJ stated that there are some situations where the performance of acceptance would become a notification (Miles Dowler, 2013). The next development that this case enlightened on was the issue of promises and puffery. The concept of a "puff" that this case developed remained as a rule in marketing and advertising laws ever since (Khoury Yamouni, 2010). Lord Justice A L Smith noted the law regards advertisements as an invitation to treat but not an offer. However, that advertisement of the smokeball seemed more of a request for acceptance. The sincerity of this offer was even demonstrated by depositing the money at the bank. This was contrary to the rules guiding the use of pufferies. The principle laid the authority in cases where a mere puff can convert to an offer. Significance of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Ltd in Australian Courts. The case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Ltd is significant to Australian courts in different ways. For one, this is a landmark decision that brought several rules regarding the formation of a contract as derived from the defense side. Legal issue The main issue before the court was to determine the position of the contract between Mrs. Carlill and the smoke Ball company. The court was dealing with these three questions. The first one was deciding a dispute as to the nature of this advertisement. Was it an offer or a form of an request to make an offer? Then if the court finds that the advertisement was an offer, it then had to decide whether the rules pertaining to the communication of acceptance applied to this contract. The second question that the court was dealing with was whether the parties had an intention for a legal bond. Lastly, the court had to conclude whether the claimant provided consideration for Smoke Ball companys promise of the reward. Decision The Court unanimously concluded that the advertisement suited an offer instead of an invitation. It was an offeror to all the world. There was no need for acceptance since the defendant had waived such requirement. The performance was the acceptance of this offer (Miles Dowler, 2013). Further, whether the claimant provided consideration or not was a question of the parties intent for a legal bond in their agreement. Firstly, the court considered that this was a commercial context. As a general rule, there is a presumption that parties in a commercial setting always have an intention to creating a legal bond. In this regard, the court took an objective approach to interpreting the agreement in the general public viewpoint (Gulati, 2011). The fact that Smoke Ball company had deposited 1000 pounds demonstrated their intention to be bound. Significance to Australian Courts This ruling presents what is now the advertisement rules where the advertisement amounts to a conditional offer instead of an invitation to treat. It also acts as the authority in the situations where the promisee waives the necessity of the communication of acceptance (Latimer, 2011). The authority sets that performance of particular conditions will constitute acceptance without necessarily informing the promisee. This case also acts as the authority where an agreement lacks consideration, yet the offeree suffered inconvenience following directions of the offeror. Lastly, the case demonstrates that there is a belief that there is always the parties projection for a legal relation whenever they are dealing within a business or commercial setting (Saprai, 2017). Nature of A Contract in The Light of Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Ltd The nature of this contract is a unilateral one. A unilateral contract is a form of a single-sided agreement. It is only one party that makes a promise with the intention of inducing the other to undertake a particular task (Graw, Parker, Whitford, Sangkuhl Do, 2012). Unlike bilateral contracts, the second party in a unilateral contract does not have a legal obligation to perform as per the terms of the contract. However, the performance of the second party and its compliance with the set conditions binds the first party into the agreement (Latimer, 2011). Another feature of the unilateral contract is that it does not require notification of acceptance. This dismisses the rule that acceptance of a contract must be timely as found in bilateral contracts since the offer is ongoing. Analysis of The relevant legal principle within this case were offer and acceptance, intention to creating a legal relation, and consideration. Issue as to Mere Puff The rule of law states that pufferies are statements of exaggerations which are not terms of an offer (Latimer, 2011). An example of a puffing statement was found in(Dimmock v Hallett,1866). While auctioning a piece of land, Dimmock stated that the land was very fertile and improbable. Hallett relied on this statement while buying the land. Later, she discovered that it was untrue. The court described the term as a mere puff, and such a term could not amount to legal repercussions. Compare this rationale with the case of (Smith v Land House Property Corp, 1885). The claimant bought a hotel from the defendant. The defendant had stated that the property was let to a most desirable' tenant. In fact, the defendant knew that the tenant was in arrears and approaching bankruptcy. This statement was held as a fact rather than a mere puff. I concur with the application of the same rationale in the case of Smoke Ball Co. The court did not accept that the company statement was a mere puff. The fact that the company had even deposited the money in the bank showed their sincerity. The court stated that a reasonable man would not have taken it as a puff. Issue as to Advertisement as Opposed to an Offer The general rule is that advertisements are not offers but an invitation to people asking them to come and make an offer (Bruce, 2011). An application of this authority was affirmed in (Fisher v Bell, 1961). The seller had displayed a flick knife and a ticket for sale behind it stating Ejector Knife4s. The police charged the seller with offering to sell the flick knife which was against the law. The court found the seller not guilty stating that goods on display are invitation to treat but not offers. The ruling of this case confirms the rationality established by the Smoke Ball Co's authority. Even though advertisements are an invitation to treat, the court found that this one unusual situation. Its characteristics fitted an offer as opposed to an invitation. Issue as to Vague or ambiguous It is a general principle in the law of contract that an offer which is a proposal must be certain in its terms (Lambiris Griffin, 2014). These terms should not be too vague. An application of this rule was affirmed in (Gurthing v Lynn,1831). Mr. Gurthing was buying a horse from Mr. Lynn for 63. Mr. Gurthing accepted the price with a 5 if the horse was lucky.' The court did not find a meaning of the term if the horse was lucky as it was too indefinite. The Smoke Ball Company's defense was relying on this rule in the ambiguity as to time limit. Though the defense argued that there was no time limit, the court found three possible time limits. The first was the continuity of the epidemic. The second one was treating influenza when someone had the smoke ball. Third, treating influenza at its reasonable time which the company had given as three weeks. Issue as to an Offer made to the World The rule that governs such issue regards unilateral contracts. The rule is that acceptance of unilateral contracts relies on the completion of the performance (Graw, 2012). A similar case in this nature was decided in (Harbhajan Lal v Harcharan Lal, 1924) In this case, a boy ran away from his father. The father issued a pamphlet offering to reward anyone who could find the boy with Rs. 55. The claimant got the boy and sent a telegram to his father. The court concluded that the pamphlet was an offer made to the public. Therefore, I agree with the judgment of the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co which had set these principles. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, the defendant was arguing that his contract was a 'contract with the world' which had no possibilities of amounting to a binding agreement. The court rebutted the argument stating that it was not a contract made to the entire world, but it was an offer made to the world. The court advised that anyone who comes out to perform the conditions completes the formation of a binding agreement. Issue as to Communication of Acceptance It is a rule that the offeree should communicate his acceptance to the offeror to make a binding agreement (Miles Dowler, 2013). However, the court noted that this rule could not nullify disputed agreement as such an offer did not require communication of acceptance. It only required fulfillment of the conditions. This rationale was later affirmed in the case of (Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Company, 1877) The claimant had been selling coal to the defendant for several years with an unwritten contract. The parties later contemplated having a formal agreement. The defendant posted the draft contract to the claimant. The claimant made some alteration and then sent it back to the defendant. The parties continued to trade until when the dispute arose. The court found that even though the claimant altered the document, his action complied with the unsigned terms. Issue as to Consideration Even though it is a requirement that an agreement must have an item of the bargain, an agreement lacking consideration is still enforceable if it was formed with the intention to create a legal relation (Miles Dowler, 2013). The general presumption is that parties to a commercial agreement intend to create a legal bond. On the other hand, there is a presumption that domestic and social agreements do not have such as intention (Gulati, 2011). For instance, in (Balfour v Balfour, 1919) the court decided that a domestic agreement is made without the intention to create a legal relation. A husband had promised a pay his wife as house allowance. Later the husband suspended the allowance after the separation. The court refused to enforce the agreement since it lacked the intention for a legal bond. This rationale is witnessed in the case of Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball Co when it rebutted the claim that there was no consideration as a requirement of an agreement. The court found that such a rule did could not apply in this agreement. The court affirmed that as far as there was an intention to create a legal relation, consideration was not a requirement. These rules as laid out in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co formed a relevant case law in Australia courts. In overall, I agree with the position taken by this case in setting curing the ambiguity that such scenarios would have created in commercial practices. References Barron, M. (2013). Fundamentals of Business Law 7e Revised (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Bruce, A. (2011). Consumer protection law in Australia. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Graw, S. (2012). An introduction to the law of contract (7th ed.). Rozelle, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Graw, S., Parker, D., Whitford, K., Sangkuhl, E., Do, C. (2012). Understanding business law (6th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis. Gulati, B. (2011). 'Intention to Create Legal Relations': A Contractual Necessity or An Illusory Concept. Beijing Law Review, 02(03), 127-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2011.23013 Khoury, D., Yamouni, Y. (2010). Understanding contract law, 8th ed (8th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Lambiris, M., Griffin, L. (2014). First principles of business law (7th ed.). Sydney: CCH Australia. Latimer, P. (2011). Australian business law 2012 (31st ed.). North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia. Miles, C., Dowler, W. (2013). A guide to business law (20th ed.). Rozelle, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters. Roberts, M. (2017). Variation contracts in Australia and New Zealand: whither consideration?. Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal, 1-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2017.1360604 Saprai, P. (2017). Balfour V Balfour and the separation of contract and promise. Legal Studies, 37(3), 468-492. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12162 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Brogden v Metropolitan Railway [1877] 2 App. Cas. 666 Dimmock v Hallett (1866) LR 2 Ch App 21 Fisher v Bell [1961] 1 QB 394 Guthing v Lynn [1831] 2B AD 232 Harbhajan Lal v Harcharan Lal (AIR 1924 A11. 539) Smith v Land House Property Corp. [1885] 28 Ch D 7